Faith is not certainty. Faith is the courage to live with uncertainty. (Rabbi Sacks ztl)
A few weeks ago, it was a lovely balmy afternoon and we were having a family lunch in our Sukkah. I was explaining to Olivia, who has just turned four and Alexander, who will be two next month, that the reason we sit in the Sukkah is to remind us of the booths that Gd told us to inhabit when our ancestors were wandering around the desert.
She turned to me and asked: "Daud, who is Gd?"
I looked worriedly at Grandma Stephnie, hoping to elicit a suitable response, but she stared back, also not quite knowing what to say. We both paused, took a breath and we both tried to give an explanation about what Gd is and what he does, but to be honest, nobody was any wiser at the end of our respective explanations. She hadn't asked the 'what' question - that would have been easier - she'd asked the 'who' one!
What struck us about the question, which not only demonstrates how uber-smart she is (and we already know that), was about how difficult it was to answer. After all, who is Gd?
Olivia, bless her, is not the first person to ponder as to the identity of the Almighty. Her question goes way back to another child of a similar age who lived along the banks of the Tigris three millennia ago.
Fragments
of a Midrash, Kitei Bereshit Rabbah, that was found in the Cairo Geniza tells
us that when Avram Avinu was born, a star rose in the east and swallowed four
stars in the four corners of heaven. The
evil King Nimrod was told by his wizards that Terach was the father to a son
from whom a people would emerge, that would inherit this world and the world to
come. Nimrod wanted Terach to hand over
the boy to him so that he could be killed.
Terach responded by hiding Avram in a cave for three years.
"When
Avram was three years old, he left the cave and observing the world, wondered
in his heart: ‘who had created heaven and earth and me’? All that day, he prayed to the sun. In the evening, the sun set in the west and
the moon rose in the east. Upon seeing
the moon and the stars around it, he said, “This one must have created heaven
and earth and me - these stars must be the moon's princes and courtiers.” So, all night long he stood in prayer to the
moon. In the morning, the moon sank in
the west and the sun rose in the east. Then
he said, “There is no might in either of these.
There must be a higher Lord over them - to Him I will pray, and before
Him I will prostrate myself.”
(Quoted from "The Book of Legends:
Sefer Ha-Agaddah: Legends from the Talmud and Midrash edited by Hayim Nachman
Bialik and Yehoshua Hana Ravnitzky - 1992 edition, Shocken Books Inc.)
I have heard this story quoted to me in different iterations since I was a child and although it presents an answer to the question of 'Who is master of the Universe?', does it really try to explain ‘who’ Gd is…and can a child of three really figure that out, even someone as brilliant as Avram undoubtably was?
The
Rambam/Maimonides is similarly sceptical and presents a different viewpoint in
the Mishneh Torah's Laws of Idolatry:
Mishneh Torah, Foreign Worship
and Customs of the Nations 1:3
As
soon as this giant was weaned, he commenced to busy his mind, in his infancy he
commenced to think by day and by night, and would encounter this enigma: How is
it possible that this planet should continuously be in motion and have no
leader—and who, indeed, causes it to revolve, it being impossible that it
should revolve [by] itself? Moreover, he
neither had a teacher nor one to impart thought to him, for he was sunk in Ur
of the Chaldeans among the foolish worshippers of stars, and his father, and
his mother, like all the people, worshipped stars, and he, although following
them in their worship, busies his heart and reflects until he attains the path
of truth, and, by his correct thinking, he understood when he finally saw the
line of righteousness.
He
knew that there is One God; He leads the planet; He created everything; and in
all that is there is no god save He. He
knew that the whole world was in error, and that the thing which caused them to
err was, that their worshipping the stars and the images brought about the loss
of the truth from their consciousness. And,
when Abraham was forty years old, he recognized his Creator.
After
he came to this comprehension and knowledge, he started to confute the sons of
Ur of the Chaldeans, and to organize disputations with them, cautioning them,
saying: “This is not the true path that you are following”, and he destroyed
the images, and commenced preaching to the people warning them that it is not
right to worship any save the God of the universe, and unto Him alone it is
right to bow down, to offer sacrifices, and compound offerings, so that the
creatures of the future shall recognize Him.
The Rambam's sensible approach to this quandary seems valid. He recognises that Avram started his journey at the tender age of three and spent the next four decades formulating his ideas and following different paths of belief, including idol worship, until he reached the age when the answer to his quest made sense. In trying to understand who Gd was, he himself had to appreciate who he was. It was in facing life's challenges that he was able to recognise his own place in society and in doing so, where he could fit within Gd's universe.
A few weeks ago, we read how Gd consulted with the angels to create Adam and proceeded to do so 'in His own image'.
|
And God
created man in His image, in the image of God He created him; male
and female He created them. |
וַיִּבְרָ֨א
אֱלֹקִ֤ים ׀ אֶת־הָֽאָדָם֙ בְּצַלְמ֔וֹ בְּצֶ֥לֶם
אֱלֹקִ֖ים בָּרָ֣א אֹת֑וֹ זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בָּרָ֥א אֹתָֽם׃ |
I don't think Olivia would understand the answer to her question right now and perhaps, she may need many years to work it out herself but perhaps, if we learn to know who ‘we’ are, we will have a better understanding of who ‘Gd’ is. We have Godliness in ourselves if we choose to follow His example. The kindness he bestowed on us by creating the world, populating it with beautiful vistas, extraordinary wild-life and ultimately His role in our own formation is simply remarkable.
We have, should we wish to exercise it, the power to change others' lives and this points to our role in emulating Gd. By being the best people we can aspire to be, we become closer to Him and understand Him as best as we can. That is not to say that we can hope to comprehend why He does the things He does because that is clearly beyond our limited intellect. But even if we listen to our conscience and do the best that we can, we can perhaps receive a glimpse of Who Gd is.
And this brings us closer to understanding Rabbi Sacks' insight.
Faith - our belief in a Higher Being is not a proof of the certainty that this being exists. It is, however, our acceptance that, even though we can only attempt to understand who He is, what He does and why He does it, we still need the courage to hold onto that belief, through the vicissitudes of life. Both in the highest personal peaks that we conquer and into the deepest troughs that we sometimes find ourselves. If we want to understand who Gd is, a good place to start is by having the desire to try to find out by looking deep within ourselves and asking who we are. Little Olivia asked a superb question. I hope that I have gone some way to trying to answer it. Perhaps she will discover the answer herself one day and explain it to her three-year-old granddaughter when the question comes up again in the future.
As our
late and much-lamented leader wrote:
Faith is not certainty. Faith is the courage to live with uncertainty
Bonne Courage Olivia!
Shabbat
Shalom.
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