14 July 2024

Parashat Chukat: Moshe's Influencer

Hers was the first voice I heard and continued listening to until it fell silent fifty-four years later.

I could begin this Drasha with the famous quote that ‘a boy’s best friend is his mother’ but granted it was uttered by Norman Bates in Alfred Hitchcock’s ‘Psycho’ film, it’s not best appropriate!

However, I do believe that the sentiment is accurate, at least in my case.

In my formative years, my mother was without a doubt the most influential person in my life.  She fed and nurtured and educated me, and the fact that I am bi-lingual is purely down to her speaking to me in French until I started nursery.  This is not to say that my father’s contribution was not an integral part of my upbringing.  In the long tradition of Jewish mothers, she was a force of nature and Dad was smart enough not to disagree.

From time immemorial, traditional Judaism has defined a Jewish person’s status through their mother’s line.  This makes sense as it is the mother who has the greatest influence on the child from the moment they enter the world.  Although our fathers would like to think they are in charge, we all know who really runs the household, don’t we?!  Additionally, there is never any doubt as to who the child’s mother is which, from a historical point, may not have been applicable to their father, granted our long and violent history of persecution.

Back to my mother. Her influence on me was such that, in primary school, I thrived under female teachers and with a few exceptions, clashed with my male instructors.  It was as though I instinctively gravitated towards the ‘mumsy’ type teachers over the stricter school ‘ma’ams’ (and their male equivalents).

I have a natural empathy for the fairer sex and my deep-seated belief in granting women equal rights was instilled in me by my late mother.  At university in the early 1990s, I recall writing an essay on the significance of The Equal Pay Act (1970) and The Sex Discrimination Act (1975) both of which were latterly replaced by the Equality Act (2010).  I was appalled that despite the 1970 Act, men and women were still being paid differently for performing identical jobs.

It also didn’t hurt that I came of age under Lady Thatcher’s premiership.  A leader whom I have always held in very high esteem (unlike my parents who despised her!)  She also helped to inform and influence my thinking at a crucial stage of my emotional development and awareness of the world.  All of the above embedded in me a high level of respect and admiration for women.

When Hashem is about to create Adam, He says (Bereshit 2.18)

‘It is not good for man to be alone. 
I will make him a fitting partner for him’.

The Hebrew expression used is ‘Ezer Kenegdo’ which literally means ‘someone to help him who will oppose him.’  Chazal understand that a truly loving female partner is one who is not afraid to criticize her male counterpart, for in doing so, she will make him a better person.  I don’t think any lady here would disagree with that sentiment and although we, the boys, might sometimes wince at this idea, deep down, we know that it makes a great deal of sense!

When I look at the other women who have influenced me over the years, I feel that I have been (mostly) blessed.  Gd (and nature), seeing that I coped better in female company gave me the gift of four fabulous daughters and a wonderful wife in Stephnie.  I am truly blessed on all accounts.

Mark Twain’s famous quote of, “Behind every successful man, there is a woman.” recalls this week’s Parasha.  In our case, the man is Moshe Rabbeinu and the woman is his sister, Miriam.

Rabbi Sacks ztl asks a crucial question regarding a seminal event that takes place in Chukat.  Why did Moshe lose his temper and hit the rock when Hashem had told him to speak to it?

Twice before, the people had complained about not having water, firstly at Marah where he took a branch to sweeten the waters and then at Rephidim where Gd told him to hit the rock which he did and this led to the waters flowing out.

Moshe had managed to overcome the previous challenges, Rabbi Sacks states, so why did he fail this third test?

As always, it is crucial to look at the context of what was happening.  In this case, we are told in Bemidbar 20.11 that:


 

 ‘In the first month, the whole Israelite community arrived at the Desert of Zin and they stayed at Kadesh.  There Miriam died and was buried.’

The Gemara in Taanit (9a) tells us that due to Miriam’s merit, there existed a well of water that accompanied the people on their journeys through the desert.  Upon her death, the well disappeared.  There was no more water and the next event that we are told about describes the people complaining about not having water.  This led to Moshe’s actions.

Rabbi Sacks’ understanding of the passage is subtle and empathetic.  Moshe had lost his big sister.  She had been with him throughout his life, from the time she carefully watched his basket as it floated on the River Nile and interceded on his behalf to Pharaoh’s daughter to arrange for their mother to nurse her brother.  She was there, leading the jubilant women who had witnessed the miracle of the parting of the sea in song.  She admonished Moshe through speaking to their brother Aharon when she was concerned about the breakup of his marriage to Tzipporah (for which she was punished with leprosy).  He begged Gd to heal her.  It is without a doubt that they loved and cared about each other as only siblings can.

And now she was gone and for the first time in his life, Moshe had to face a challenge of such magnitude without his sister being there to support him.  To influence his decision and to be his ‘ezer kenegdo’.  At this hurdle, our greatest leader stumbled.  As our late great former Chief Rabbi puts it:

“A careful reading of this famous episode in the context of Moses’ early life suggests that Miriam was Moses’ ‘trusted friend,’ his confidante, the source of his emotional stability; when she was no longer there, he could not cope with crises as he had done until then.” Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, Lessons in Leadership, page 214.

Losing my mother just over three years ago literally ‘knocked me for six’ and I still think about her every single day and miss her sage advice.  I have been blessed in that my female influencers who gently took up her reins over the years (which I hasten to add, she encouraged!) continue to be my rocks and the people I turn to when I feel that I cannot cope with the curveballs that life throws in my direction every now and again.  This doesn’t mean that her influence is any less significant in my life. 

Like everything else it becomes who we are and who we aspire to be.

Returning to my original quotation, I would change it to a ‘boy’s best friend is an amalgamation of his wife, daughters, sister-in-law and any other lady who cares about his happiness and wellbeing.  These are our influencers, and we need to treasure them and heed their advice, even if we may sometimes disagree with it.

For it is women like Miriam, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, Hannah and Esther that have influenced their husbands, brothers, children and cousins.  And let’s not forget our mothers - they made us who we are!

Shavuah Tov. 

07 July 2024

Parashat Korach: The Two Aarons

They are thoughts that have been embedded in our minds and present on our lips for numerous weeks.  Questions such as, “What kind of leader will take on the highest political position in the land following the General Election?  “Which priorities will drive his policies and those of his ministers?” and “Will we, the nation, benefit from their outcome?”

These are questions that weigh heavily in our thoughts.

The protagonist of this week’s Parasha, Korach had no such qualms.

‘Now (there) took Korach, son of Yitzhar, son of Kehat, son of Levi, together with Datan and Aviram, sons of Eliav and On, son of Pelet, the sons of Reuven and they rose up in the face of Moses with certain men of the children of Israel, two hundred-and fifty…’

Rashi famously questions the odd phraseology regarding the manner in which the Parasha begins, namely ‘Vayikach Korach’, which read literally would be ‘And Korach took’.

What exactly, asks Rashi, did he take?  Quoting the Midrash Tanchuma, he states that:

‘(Korach) took himself to one side, to be set apart from the congregation, to contend against the priesthood and that is how Onkelos renders it.  He set himself apart (i.e.) he separated himself from the rest of the congregation to establish a rebellion.’

Chazal, our rabbis, were in no doubt as to his motives and they were anything but altruistic.  In modern parlance, he was attempting a ‘power grab’ riding on the back of the events following the disastrous report of the spies that we read about in last week’s Parasha and the low morale it had engendered.  Datan and Aviram, Moshe’s old Reubenite foes (we first met them fighting each other in Egypt and threatening Moshe that they would reveal his killing of the Egyptian slave-master), joined the rebellion.  Their grievance lay in the fact that, as descendants of the oldest brother, they should have had ‘first dibs’ at the leadership.  This all made for an explosive power-keg waiting to ignite.

Korach’s idea of leadership was very different to the one demonstrated by Moshe and Aharon.  It was all about gratifying his lust for the power at the expense of everyone else.  Nominally using the concept of ‘strength in numbers’ to propel him to the top.

I’m sure we can think of many contemporary leaders who are more focused on their own interests than those of the people they claim to represent and by extension, protect.

The dictum of ‘with great power comes great responsibility’ doesn’t play a prominent role in their mission statement!

He accused the brothers of ‘setting themselves above the Lord’s people’ whom he had described as being ‘holy, every one of them and that the Lord was in their midst’.

To which Moshe replied,

“Listen now, you sons of Levi.  Is it not enough for you that the Gd of Israel has separated you from the Israelite community, enabling you to come close to Him to serve in the Lord’s Tabernacle and stand in the presence of the community to minister to Him….and yet you seek the priesthood also?’...Aharon, who is he that you should have grievances against him?”

The same Aharon who we are told in Pirkei Avot 1.12 ‘loved peace and pursued peace (amongst people)’.  That Korech was envious of Moshe’s position was one factor.  To have a grievance against the saintly peace-loving Aharon was something else altogether.

Aharon’s love towards others would be amplified thousands of years later in the guise of his namesake, a man by the name of Aaron Feuerstein (of blessed memory).

He was a businessman whose grandfather Henry, a Hungarian immigrant, had founded a textile company called ‘Malden Mills’ in 1906.  Their best-selling line consisted of synthetic fleece products known as Polartec.  Aaron took over the business in 1957.  The factory was based in Lawrence, Massachusetts.

On the night of 11th December 1995, a fire broke out in the redbrick factory which, by the end of the day, had destroyed the three buildings that comprised Malden Mills.  It was literally ‘burned to the ground’ over a period of 16 hours injuring more than 30 workers and leaving 1,400 employees without a job - two weeks before Christmas.  It was one of the most devastating fires in the history of the State and there are differing reports as to whether there were 1,400 or 3000 employees.

Aaron Feuerstein could have understandably walked away and absolved himself of the responsibility for what had happened.  However, he chose a different path.  According to the New York Times (5th November 2021), three days after the blaze, when most of the workers were lining up to receive their final pay checks, he joined the queue, handed out holiday bonuses and announced that he would reopen as much as the factory as he could, reconstruct the destroyed buildings and continue to pay the entire workforce for a month, despite their not being able to work.  He extended this promise twice.

https://www.timesofisrael.com/mensch-of-malden-mills-who-paid-workers-even-after-factory-burned-dies-at-95/

The Boston Globe quoted Feuerstein as saying:

“I’m not throwing 3,000 people out of work two weeks before Christmas.”

 Feuerstein also explained after the fire that he was guided by Jewish tradition.

“When all is moral chaos, this is the time for you to be a mensch,”

he said.’

A deeply religious man and a graduate of Yeshiva University, Aaron Feuerstein kept his word and the millions he paid out, eventually led to his losing control of the company.  After a downturn, he had no option but to place it into bankruptcy in 2007.  It was bought by a private equity firm which closed down the factory and relocated the manufacturing to Tennessee.  Five years ago, Polartec, as it was now known, was bought out by Milliken an industrial manufacturing company.

Aaron Feuerstein passed away at the age of 95 in 2021 without ever regretting his actions.

In a 2003 episode of 60 Minutes entitled, ‘The Mensch of Malden Hills’, he said:

“You are not permitted to oppress the working man, because he’s poor and he’s needy, amongst your brethren and amongst the non-Jew in your community.”


 

The two Aarons though separated by thousands of years are examples of what it means to be a great leader.  Men who placed those for whom they were responsible ahead of their own personal ambitions.  Aharon Hakohen, the first High Priest could have distanced himself from others by stating that, as a Kohen Gadol, he had to place all of his focus on the important work he did.  Instead, he prioritised healing rifts between people doing everything in his power to bring people together to set aside the animosity they might have felt as a result of an argument.

Aaron Feuerstein displayed the ultimate Kiddush Hashem, sanctification of Gd’s name by supporting his employees and their families for as long as they were unable to work because of the fire.

Compared alongside these two giants, Korach and the type of leader that we are all too familiar with, pale into insignificance.  Their attempts at aggrandisement often result in a great deal of misery for those who are impacted by their selfish acts.  Many of the world’s current leaders could learn a great deal from both Aarons.

No one knows what the future will bring, and which kind of leaders will make the decisions that will impact all of our futures.

Shakespeare wrote in Twelfth Night (Act 2: Scene 5)

‘Some Are Born Great, Some Achieve Greatness, And Some Have Greatness Thrust Upon Them.’

We hope and pray that whoever is chosen to lead us, proves to be wise enough to learn from the altruistic actions of the truly great leaders that I have described today.


Shavuah Tov and Chodesh Tov. 

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